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Optimal dynamic emergency reserve activation using spinning, hydro and demand-side reserves

S. Surender REDDY,P. R. BIJWE,A. R. ABHYANKAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 409-423 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0431-9

摘要： This paper proposes an optimal dynamic reserve activation plan after the occurrence of an emergency situation (generator/transmission line outage, load increase or both). An optimal plan is developed to handle the emergency, using the coordinated action of fast and slow reserves, for secure operation with minimum overall cost. It considers the reserves supplied by the conventional thermal generators (spinning reserves), hydro power units and load demands (demand-side reserves). The optimal backing down of costly/fast reserves and bringing up of slow reserves in each sub-interval in an integrated manner is proposed. The proposed reserve activation approaches are solved using the genetic algorithm, and some of the simulation results are also compared using the Matlab optimization toolbox and the general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) software. The simulation studies are performed on the IEEE 30, 57 and 300 bus test systems. These results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed integrated/dynamic reserve activation plan over the conventional/sequential approach.

关键词： demand-side reserves     dynamic reserve activation approach     hydro power units     post contingency     sequential reserve activation approach     spinning reserves    

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需求侧智慧能源系统关键技术分析

王成山, 王丹, 李立浧, 贾宏杰, 王伟亮

《中国工程科学》 2018年 第20卷 第3期   页码 132-140 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.03.019

摘要：

需求侧智慧能源系统作为能源互联网的重要组成部分，是未来能源系统的重要组织形式，对实现可再生能源分布式就地消纳，提升终端能源利用效率等具有重要意义。本文探讨了需求侧智慧能源系统的构成特点，列举了与需求侧智慧能源系统能源生产、传输、分配、转换、存储、消费等环节相关的关键设备与技术，分析了需求侧智慧能源系统的产业发展模式。最后，进一步针对需求侧智慧能源系统的发展前景，分实验示范阶段、应用推广阶段以及普遍应用、完全市场化阶段进行了阐述。

关键词： 智慧能源系统     关键技术     发展模式     发展前景    

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Cutting CO emissions through demand side regulation: Implications from multi-regional input–output linear

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 452-461 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0209-1

摘要： This study combines multi-regional input–output (MRIO) model with linear programming (LP) model to explore economic structure adjustment strategies for the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. A particular feature of this study is the identification of the optimal regulation sequence of final products in various regions to reduce CO2 emissions with the minimum loss in gross domestic product (GDP). By using China’s MRIO tables 2017 with 28 regions and 42 economic sectors, results show that reduction in final demand leads to simultaneous reductions in GDP and CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, certain demand side regulation strategy can be adopted to lower CO2 emissions at the smallest loss of economic growth. Several key final products, such as metallurgy, nonmetal, metal, and chemical products, should first be regulated to reduce CO2 emissions at the minimum loss in GDP. Most of these key products concentrate in the coastal developed regions in China. The proposed MRIO–LP model considers the inter-relationship among various sectors and regions, and can aid policy makers in designing effective policy for industrial structure adjustment at the regional level to achieve the national environmental and economic targets.

关键词： CO2 emissions     demand side regulation     multi-regional input–output model     linear programming model    

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基于广域低功耗网络的能源物联网

宋永华,林今,唐明,董树锋

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第4期   页码 460-466 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.011

摘要：

为了应对严峻的环境压力以及化石能源的枯竭危机，能源行业正在世界范围内共同推进能源互联网这一新型能源系统，目标以智能电网为骨架，综合电、气、热等多种能源形式，大幅提升能源系统对可再生能源的消纳能力。能源的需求侧是能源互联网的发展重点，也是新能源消纳灵活性的全新来源，具有巨大的技术发展潜力与市场空间。然而现有的能源信息技术并不能完全适应能源需求侧的运行特点，难以被高效经济地应用于能源互联网的需求侧管控之中，已成为当前能源需求侧技术发展的瓶颈。为了突破这一技术难点，本文提出利用通信领域近年来高速发展的广域低功耗网络（low power wide area network, LPWAN）技术，构造全新的能源物联网，从而为能源互联网需求侧的发展带来了全新的技术突破。LPWAN 是一类具有远距离、低功耗、海量接入、低运维成本的通信技术的总称，与Wi-Fi、蓝牙、紫蜂（ZigBee）等局域物联网技术相比真正实现了大区域的低成本覆盖。本文介绍以窄带物联网（narrow band internet of things, NB-IoT）和运程（longrange, LoRa）为代表的LPWAN 技术，提出基于该技术实现的能源物联网体系架构。最后，本文展望了能源物联网技术驱动下，能源互联网需求侧的典型应用场景。

关键词： 能源物联网     广域低功耗网络     NB-IoT     LoRa     需求侧    

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Smart residential energy management system for demand response in buildings with energy storage devices

S. L. ARUN, M. P. SELVAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 715-730 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0538-2

摘要： In the present scenario, the utilities are focusing on smart grid technologies to achieve reliable and profitable grid operation. Demand side management (DSM) is one of such smart grid technologies which motivate end users to actively participate in the electricity market by providing incentives. Consumers are expected to respond (demand response (DR)) in various ways to attain these benefits. Nowadays, residential consumers are interested in energy storage devices such as battery to reduce power consumption from the utility during peak intervals. In this paper, the use of a smart residential energy management system (SREMS) is demonstrated at the consumer premise to reduce the total electricity bill by optimally time scheduling the operation of household appliances. Further, the SREMS effectively utilizes the battery by scheduling the mode of operation of the battery (charging/floating/discharging) and the amount of power exchange from the battery while considering the variations in consumer demand and utility parameters such as electricity price and consumer consumption limit (CCL). The SREMS framework is implemented in Matlab and the case study results show significant yields for the end user.

关键词： smart grid     demand side management (DSM)     demand response (DR)     smart building     smart appliances     energy storage    

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面向高比例可再生能源消纳的电力市场建设及研究进展

成润婷,张勇军,李立浧,丁茂生,邓文扬,陈皓勇,林靖淳

《中国工程科学》 2023年 第25卷 第2期   页码 89-99 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.02.011

摘要：

完善的电力市场可在电力资源配置方面发挥决定性作用，是保证各类市场主体开展活跃的供需互动、促进可再生能源消纳的关键机制；针对性开展电力市场中影响可再生能源消纳因素的综合性分析，也是相关应用研究亟需。本文重点考虑全时间尺度下促进可再生能源消纳相关的交易机制，概述了国外典型电力市场结构及运行情况，梳理了相应电力市场结构及机制中促进可再生能源消纳的关键影响因素；围绕可再生能源消纳的多维关键影响因素，深入分析了我国各类市场结构和不同机制的建设现状，归纳出促进可再生能源消纳电力市场建设面临的挑战。从电力市场与碳市场、绿证市场耦合机制，可再生能源参与的中长期、现货交易及其衔接机制，面向高比例可再生能源的辅助服务市场，面向高比例可再生能源消纳的需求侧响应机制等方面，梳理了我国相关电力市场的学术研究进展。研究建议，实施多市场协同运作、中长期及现货交易衔接、辅助服务市场建设、需求响应机制建设等重点举措，支持面向高比例可再生能源消纳的电力市场建设。

关键词： 可再生能源消纳；绿证市场；碳市场；辅助服务市场；需求侧响应    

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具有智能外围的智能电网——能源互联网架构 Artical

Felix F. Wu,Pravin P. Varaiya,Ron S. Y. Hui

《工程（英文）》 2015年 第1卷 第4期   页码 436-446 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015111

摘要：

未来的智能电网应能够实现能源互联网的愿景：数百万用户利用可再生能源，在家庭、办公室和工厂生产所需的能源，并实现共享；广泛使用电动车辆和本地储能系统；利用互联网技术将当前电网升级为实现能源共享的互联网络。为实现这个愿景，本文提出了具有智能外围的智能电网的架构和概念，或称为智能GRIP。GRIP架构的构建模块被称为集群，配置能量管理系统(EMS) 的输电网是一个在电网核心的集群，外围的配电网，微电网和智能楼宇及住宅均为(外围的) 集群。这些集群全部采用分层结构。GRIP的分层架构可让电网实现从当前电网功能到未来即插即用型电网的无缝过渡。所有的集群都包括三个基本功能，即调度、消除波动和故障缓解。为实现上述功能，本文提出了风险约束的调度方法；开发了一种名为“电力弹簧”的新型装置，用于消除外围集群的电力波动；另外还讨论了故障的缓解措施。

关键词： 智能电网     未来电网     能源互联网     能量管理系统     可再生能源接入     电力系统运行     电力系统控制     配电自动化系统     需求侧管理    

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An overview of selected topics in smart grids

S. Hari Charan CHERUKURI,Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 441-458 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0418-6

摘要： Smart technologies when used in the traditional grid infrastructure will provide a different environment and working conditions in the grid by bringing the required smartness into the grid, called the smart grid. The smart grid can play a major role in the upcoming days to come because there is a necessity to integrate coordinated renewable energy resources into the grid and to operate the grids at a higher efficiency considering many aspects including reliability of the supply. Apart from this, there is a necessity to manage the demand supply gap in the smart grid by optimally scheduling the generators or by effectively scheduling the demand side resources instead of going for the traditional methods like partial or full load shedding. This paper presents an overview on the present state-of-the-art of smart grid technologies and broadly classifies the papers referred into two major areas, papers based on improvement of operational efficiency in smart grids and papers based on smartness in maintaining the demand supply gap. Some of the papers projected in this work also give a brief overview of the necessity of the smart grid.

关键词： smart grid     demand side management     electric springs     operational efficiency    

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DSM in an area consisting of residential, commercial and industrial load in smart grid

Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 211-216 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0351-0

摘要： With the latest introduction of the demand side management (DSM) in smart grids, the power distribution units are able to modify the load schedules of the consumers. This involves a co-operative interaction of the utility and the consumers so as to achieve customer load modifications in which the customer, utility and society all are benefited. The interaction is performed with the help of the devices known as the smart meter. This paper shows the use of game theory and logical mathematical expressions in order to achieve the objectives. The objectives are to minimize the peak to average ratio (PAR) and the energy cost. The outcome of the game between supplier and customers helps to shape the load profile. The design proposed in this paper is very user-friendly and is based on simple logarithmic programming computations. In this paper, residential, commercial and industrial types of loads are taken into account. A basic 24 h load schedule along with the fluctuating prices at each hour of the day is forecasted by the supplier of the various shiftable and non-shiftable loads and then that schedule is conveyed to the user. The users are encouraged to shift their high load devices to off-peak hours which will not only reduce their electricity costs but also substantially reduce the PAR in the load demand.

关键词： demand side management (DSM)     smart grids     peak to average ratio (PAR)     smart meters and logarithmic price function    

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Techno-economic assessment of providing control energy reserves with a biogas plant

Ervin Saracevic, David Woess, Franz Theuretzbacher, Anton Friedl, Angela Miltner

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 763-771 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1776-x

摘要：

Grid stability is being challenged by the increasing integration of power plants with volatile power generation into the energy system. Power supply fluctuations must be compensated by energy system flexibility. The storability of the energy carrier enables biogas plants to generate power flexibly. In this study, the technical and economic effects of providing positive secondary control energy reserves with an Austrian biogas plant were assessed. The plant’s main focus lies in biomethane production with the option of heat and power generation through combined heat and power (CHP) units. A detailed simulation model of the investigated biogas plant was developed, which is presented in this work. Ex-post simulations of one year of flexible plant operation were conducted with this model. The findings show that the installed biogas storage capacity is sufficient to provide control energy reserves while simultaneously producing biomethane. Profitability of providing control energy reserves largely depends on the prices at the control energy market and on CHP unit start-up costs. A cost efficiency analysis demonstrated that investing in a hot water tank with a volume of 5 m3 for short-term heat storage turned out to be economically viable.

关键词： biogas plant     process simulation     control energy reserves     economic assessment     gas storage    

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以“功能”储备补足“资源”储备——甲醇战略储备替代1/10~1/5的石油战略储备

金涌,陈丙珍

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第11期   页码 4-6

摘要：

对世界所有大国而言，石油战略储备是十分重要的。为了满足国家安全的需要，世界不同国际组织如联合国、欧盟等都建议设立3个月的石油战略储备。对于中国而言，这就需要战略储备石油3×107~9×107 t，这需要一个长时间段和大量资金注入才能完成。如果基于“功能”储备补足“资源”储备的一个新理念来思考，这一目标可以较容易地完成。即储备一定百分数的甲醇来替代石油，则国家安全也可以得到保障。

关键词： 功能储备     战略石油储备     甲醇    

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Performance analysis of series/parallel and dual side LCC compensation topologies of inductive power

P. Srinivasa Rao NAYAK, Dharavath KISHAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 166-179 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0549-z

摘要： In an inductive battery charging system, for better power transfer capability and attaining required power level, compensation is necessary. This paper analyzes series/parallel (S/P) and dual side inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) compensation topologies for inductive power transfer of electric vehicle (EV) battery charging system. The design and modeling steps of inductive power transfer for electric vehicle battery charging system are presented. Besides, the equivalent electrical circuits are used to describe the circuit compensation topologies. The results convey that the efficiency of dual side LCC compensation is higher than that of S/P compensation at variable mutual inductance (misalignment).

关键词： series/parallel compensation     electric vehicle (EV)     dual side LCC compensation     inductive power transfer    

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Effect of repeated gonadotropin stimulation on ovarian reserves and proliferation of ovarian surface

Linlin LIANG, Bei XU, Guijin ZHU

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 220-226 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0037-2

摘要： This study aimed to evaluate the effect of repeated ovarian stimulation (OS) on the ovarian follicular population and morphology in female mice and its influence on the embryo’s developmental ability, and the profile of the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). A total of 75 mice were enrolled in this experiment and randomly assigned into three groups: repeated ovarian stimulated group [ =25; receiving 5 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at 6 day intervals for 5 cycles]; single ovarian stimulated group ( =25; receiving 5 IU PMSG and hCG for 1 cycle), and control group ( =25; without additional treatment). The follicle number at various stages and the morphologies were recorded respectively in the three groups. The harvested oocytes or embryos, cleavage rate, good quality embryo rate, and blastocyst production rate were counted and calculated, and the proliferations of ovarian surface epithelium were evaluated respectively. In the three groups, the single ovarian stimulation treatment significantly increased the mean number of ovarian oocytes or embryos (39.25±10.77 one-cell embryos/female); on the other hand, repeated gonadotropin stimulation obtained the lowest mean number (5.15± 2.81 eggs/female, <0.01). Repeated ovarian stimulation also tended to decrease normal follicles of primary follicles (66.67%) and secondary follicles (72.86%), and got the lowest cleavage rate (67.47%), lowest good quality embryo rate (2.41%), and lowest blastocyst production rate (0). The OSE cells adjacent to the antral follicles and corpus luteum (CL) in the repeated ovarian stimulated group (81.8%) had a significantly higher proliferation rate than the other groups. The proliferation rate of the OSE in the single ovarian stimulated group (56.4%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (37.5%) ( <0.01). In conclusion, single ovarian stimulation may produce more oocytes/embryos. However, repeated gonadotropin stimulation may have a negative effect on the ovarian follicular quality, the number of mature retrieved oocytes, and the embryo quality, even increasing the chance of ovarian cancer.

关键词： gonadotropin-releasing hormone     ovarian reserve     embryo developmental ability     ovarian surface epithelium    

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Synthesis and thermosensitive behavior of dextran graft copolymers containing poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) side

SHI Huangying, CHEN Wenjuan, ZHANG Liming

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 72-75 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0015-7

摘要： New graft copolymers were synthesized by grafting N-vinylcaprolactam onto dextran. Their composition and structure were investigated by elemental analyses, infrared spectra and thermogravimetric analyses. By optical transmittance measurements, it was found that the aqueous solutions of these graft copolymers showed a temperature-dependent transmittance change due to the introduction of thermosensitive poly (-vinylcaprolactam) graft chains. Moreover, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the graft copolymer in aqueous solution was dependent on its grafting extent and concentration. The LCST value was found to increase with the increase of the grafting extent and decrease with the increase of the copolymer concentration. With these stimuli-response properties, such polysaccharide derivative may hold potential applications in biomedicine and biotechnology.

关键词： transmittance     copolymer concentration     LCST     temperature     elemental    

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Understanding the demand predictability of bike share systems: A station-level analysis

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 551-565 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0279-8

摘要： Predicting demand for bike share systems (BSSs) is critical for both the management of an existing BSS and the planning for a new BSS. While researchers have mainly focused on improving prediction accuracy and analysing demand-influencing factors, there are few studies examining the inherent randomness of stations’ observed demands and to what degree the demands at individual stations are predictable. Using Divvy bike-share one-year data from Chicago, USA, we measured demand entropy and quantified the station-level predictability. Additionally, to verify that these predictability measures could represent the performance of prediction models, we implemented two commonly used demand prediction models to compare the empirical prediction accuracy with the calculated entropy and predictability. Furthermore, we explored how city- and system-specific temporally-constant features would impact entropy and predictability to inform estimating these measures when historical demand data are unavailable. Our results show that entropy of demands across stations is polarized as some stations exhibit high uncertainty (a low entropy of 0.65) and others have almost no check-out demand uncertainty (a high entropy of around 1.0). We also validated that the entropy and predictability are a priori model-free indicators for prediction error, given a sequence of bike usage demands. Lastly, we identified that key factors contributing to station-level entropy and predictability include per capita income, spatial eccentricity, and the number of parking lots near the station. Findings from this study provide more fundamental understanding of BSS demand prediction, which can help decision makers and system operators anticipate diverse station-level prediction errors from their prediction models both for existing stations and for new ones.

关键词： bike share systems     demand prediction     prediction errors     machine learning     entropy    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Optimal dynamic emergency reserve activation using spinning, hydro and demand-side reserves

S. Surender REDDY,P. R. BIJWE,A. R. ABHYANKAR

期刊论文

需求侧智慧能源系统关键技术分析

王成山, 王丹, 李立浧, 贾宏杰, 王伟亮

期刊论文

Cutting CO emissions through demand side regulation: Implications from multi-regional input–output linear

期刊论文

基于广域低功耗网络的能源物联网

宋永华,林今,唐明,董树锋

期刊论文

Smart residential energy management system for demand response in buildings with energy storage devices

S. L. ARUN, M. P. SELVAN

期刊论文

面向高比例可再生能源消纳的电力市场建设及研究进展

成润婷,张勇军,李立浧,丁茂生,邓文扬,陈皓勇,林靖淳

期刊论文

具有智能外围的智能电网——能源互联网架构

Felix F. Wu,Pravin P. Varaiya,Ron S. Y. Hui

期刊论文

An overview of selected topics in smart grids

S. Hari Charan CHERUKURI,Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

期刊论文

DSM in an area consisting of residential, commercial and industrial load in smart grid

Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

期刊论文

Techno-economic assessment of providing control energy reserves with a biogas plant

Ervin Saracevic, David Woess, Franz Theuretzbacher, Anton Friedl, Angela Miltner

期刊论文

以“功能”储备补足“资源”储备——甲醇战略储备替代1/10~1/5的石油战略储备

金涌,陈丙珍

期刊论文

Performance analysis of series/parallel and dual side LCC compensation topologies of inductive power

P. Srinivasa Rao NAYAK, Dharavath KISHAN

期刊论文

Effect of repeated gonadotropin stimulation on ovarian reserves and proliferation of ovarian surface

Linlin LIANG, Bei XU, Guijin ZHU

期刊论文

Synthesis and thermosensitive behavior of dextran graft copolymers containing poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) side

SHI Huangying, CHEN Wenjuan, ZHANG Liming

期刊论文

Understanding the demand predictability of bike share systems: A station-level analysis

期刊论文